I needed a small file server with minimal power draw and data redundancy. Went with a Raspberry pi 4 and a couple small ssd’s. The pi4 can only output 1.2 amps of power. Since the drives draw 2 amps total, I got usb to sata adapters with a usb power splitter. All the devices receive their power directly from an anker 6 port usb power station.
OS and SSH
Went with ubuntu server for the OS. It’s proven reliable in the past and is well documented for what we are using the pi for. SSH is also already pre-configured so that’s already one less step than configuring Raspbian (pi’s default OS).
For reference the default user and pass in ubuntu server is:
ubuntuIt will prompt you change your password when you first log in.
Been using PuTTY on windows to connect to it and it has been working great.
ufw firewall
Ubuntu comes with the ufw firewall pre-installed. It’s nice and easy to configure. You have to enable the firewall manually though. Before you do so, you will have to add SSH to the firewall or you will lose your SSH connection:
sudo ufw allow sshThen enable the firewall with:
sudo ufw enableCheck firewall status with:
sudo ufw statusKeep in mind that this will allow SSH from anywhere. It would be more secure to restrict it to machines that you’re actually connecting from. Check this out for how to do that and more on firewall rules:
Data Redundancy
There are a lot of solutions that exist to mirror your data between the two drives. The one I went with is called ZFS. It’s super easy to set up and I’ve been impressed with how robust it is.
I’ve been torturing ZFS by randomly unplugging drives, modifying data on the remaining drive, and then plugging the other drive back in to make sure it can bring both back online correctly. So far it has figured out everything automatically and quickly brings both drives back in sync.
I’m confident that it will withstand a disk failure.
Ideally there would be a second identical server set up for additional redundancy, but it’s not currently in the budget. With only one machine I’m currently a bit screwed if the power supply goes bad or if the pi crashes.
For setting up ZFS check out this guide:
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/setup-zfs-storage-pool#1-overview
Basic File Sharing
If you just need a basic networked folder on your home network, it’s super easy to set up a samba server on ubuntu. This will allow windows machines to easily connect and access files:
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-and-configure-samba#1-overview
Connection Speed
You might be wondering how fast you can access data on this disk. I used black magic speed test to test it:
EDIT: my original test showed 5.8 MB/s write and 1.8 MB/s read. After some troubleshooting, it turns out my WIFI was the bottleneck somehow (despite it usually being near 100MB/s). On ethernet it performs at 85MB/s write 95MB/s up. Which is considerably closer to the access speeds of the disks. Which run at 240 MB/s write and 844MB/s read on ZFS.
Advanced File Sharing
This brings me to what I’m actually using the pi for. I’m developing a project that requires moving audio and video files over the internet. Ideally this would entirely exist on the cloud, but to save a little money I’m self hosting an S3 bucket on the pi.
Why an S3 bucket? Because most cloud providers support the S3 api for reading and writing data. By making the local server S3, it allows the code I’m writing to easily transition to the cloud.
Since Amazon S3 is a bit expensive, I’m likely to use Backblaze when I fully transition to the cloud.
For local hosting I’m using a service called MinIO since it’s easy to set up. You can have it set up in minutes and start playing around with the S3 api on your local network in minutes. It’s really cool.
If your just playing around at home, follow this guide:
https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-quickstart-guide.html#gnulinux
If you plan on having it visible to the internet, this guide will help you be far more secure:
Regardless, the default user and pass for minio is:
minioadminBe sure to change it.
If you turned on the firewall you will have to add port 9000 (the default minio port) to ufw.